# Papyrus (Cyperus papyrus)

Canonical: https://plantguide.ae/plants/papyrus · Updated: 2026-10-05
Source: Ghaf Gardens (https://plantguide.ae/plants/papyrus)

Papyrus · بردي · also called Egyptian paper reed, Paper reed, Nile grass  
aquatic · exotic · family Cyperaceae · grows 1.5–3.5 m tall, 0.5–1.2 m wide · fast growth  
sun to part shade · high water need  
Ratings for Dubai (1–5, 5 is best): heat 4 · salt 2 · drought 1 · shade 2 · ease of care 3  
Sow or plant: Mar–May, Sep–Nov  
Uses: specimen, screen, container  
Garden styles: tropical, luxury

A tall sedge with bare stems topped by mop-heads of fine green rays; it screens pumps and lifts a water feature, but its roots must never dry out in Dubai's summer.

## About

Meet papyrus, the plant that has stood for the Nile for thousands of years. A cluster of bare, three-sided green stems shoots up several metres from a pot or pond edge, and each ends in a mop of fine, drooping rays that sway at the slightest breath. It is half plant, half fountain, a single shape that reads as moving water even when nothing moves.

The plant's history is part of its appeal. The ancient Egyptians sliced the pith of its stems into strips and pressed them into sheets, which is where we get the word paper. Today it brings the same mood to a Dubai water feature: height, softness and an unmistakable association with water and warmth.

In the garden its job is architectural. It screens the pump and the pond liner, gives a rill or pool a vertical backdrop, and creates a feathery, tropical silhouette against a wall. In return, it asks for sun, nutrients and, above all, constantly wet roots.

Cyperus papyrus is a sedge, not a grass or a reed: a member of the family Cyperaceae with bare, triangular stems that rise 2.5 to 4 m, according to the RHS, and end in a mop-head of fine, thread-like rays up to 30 cm across. The ancient Egyptians cut the pith of the stems into strips and pressed them into the writing sheets that gave 'paper' its name. Kew gives its native range as tropical and southern Africa north to Egypt and northern Israel, and the RHS has given the plant its Award of Garden Merit.

In the garden it is a marginal plant, one that stands with its roots in shallow water or permanently saturated soil. UF/IFAS gives a water depth of up to about 15 cm, full or partial sun and consistently wet soil, and notes that papyrus spreads and can crowd out its neighbours, so it is best grown in a container. It is tender to frost, but frost is not a concern in Dubai's city gardens, so the problem here is the opposite one: heat with dry air.

In July and August the practical rule is that the roots must never dry out. A pot standing in 5 to 15 cm of water in full summer sun can lose that water within days, and papyrus soon browns at the tips when it does. Plant it in a sealed pot or a lined, always-flooded bed, top up daily, and give it some afternoon shade and shelter from wind, since 3 m stems whip about in a gust. Used well it screens pumps and filters and gives a water feature height; used carelessly it is a brown, ragged clump by August.

## Through the year

Papyrus is green year-round in Dubai but grows in two seasons. New shoots and fast growth come in spring (March to May) and again in autumn (September to October) as temperatures ease. In July and August, with highs above 40 °C and dry air, the roots must stay flooded or the tips brown. Through the cooler months the plant slows. By late winter, February and March, old brown stems are cut away at the base to make room for fresh growth. Division of overcrowded clumps is best done in spring.

| When | What | Note |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mar–May, Sep–Nov | Plant: Planting windows in spring and autumn | Plant in a sealed pot standing in 5–10 cm of water; avoid planting in July and August. |
| Mar–May, Sep–Oct | New growth: Fresh shoots and fast growth |  |
| Feb–Mar | Prune: Cut away old brown stems at the base | Divide overcrowded clumps in spring. |
| Jul–Aug | Heat stress: Roots must never dry out | Check water levels daily; tips brown quickly if the pot runs dry. |

## Care in Dubai

- **Watering in summer:** Keep the pot or soil permanently flooded to 5–15 cm; check the level daily in July and August, since evaporation in a shallow, sunny container is rapid and dry roots brown the tips.
- **Watering in winter:** Top up about weekly; growth slows in the cooler months.
- **While establishing:** Stand the pot in 5–10 cm of water from the day it is planted and never let it dry out.
- **Soil:** Heavy loam or aquatic compost in a sealed pot or a lined, wet bed; the RHS lists poorly drained soil.
- **Feeding:** A balanced liquid feed or aquatic fertiliser tablets monthly in the growing season.
- **Pruning:** Cut dead and brown stems at the base in late winter; thin crowded clumps; remove flower heads if you do not want seed.
- **Planting:** Plant in March–May or September–November in a large, sealed pot sunk into the pond margin or a lined planter, in full sun to part shade. Divide clumps in spring, or bend a stem underwater to root a new plant.
- **Pests and problems:** Generally pest-free; Aphids on young shoots; Mosquito larvae in still water around the stems
- **Toxicity:** Not known to be toxic to people or pets.

## Good and bad

**Pros**
- Architectural 2–4 m stems topped with fine green mop-heads give pond margins height
- Thrives in heat so long as its roots stay wet
- Screens pumps, filters and walls beside a water feature
- Fast-growing: a nursery clump fills out within a season
- A plant with a story guests recognise: the paper plant of ancient Egypt

**Cons**
- Browns quickly if the roots dry out in summer heat
- Tall stems can lean or snap in strong wind
- Spreads and can crowd out neighbours unless kept in a container
- Looks ragged by late winter and needs a hard cut-back

## Common mistakes

- Letting the pot run dry in summer. A sealed pot in 5–15 cm of water can lose it in days in Dubai's heat, and the tips brown quickly.
- Planting it directly in the pond. Papyrus spreads and crowds out neighbours; grow it in a container sunk into the margin.
- Leaving it exposed to strong wind. Tall stems lean and snap, so give it shelter or a backdrop.
- Leaving old brown stems in place. They spoil the look and shade new growth; cut them to the base in late winter.
- Expecting it to survive a dry bed. It is a water plant and cannot be treated as a drought-tolerant ornamental grass.

## Good to know

- The RHS describes it as a tender aquatic perennial forming a clump of erect stems, reaching 2.5–4 m, with umbels up to 30 cm wide, and notes it is generally pest-free.
- Kew gives its native range as tropical and southern Africa north to Egypt and northern Israel.
- UF/IFAS notes that it spreads and can crowd out other plants, so it is best grown in a container.
- It is not a true grass or reed but a sedge, in the same family as umbrella sedge.

## Using it in a garden

Roles: Pond or rill-end backdrop, Screen for pumps and filters, Tall container plant, Tropical architectural accent

Plant papyrus in a sealed pot or a lined, always-wet bed at the back or end of a water feature, where its height screens a pump housing or a wall and its mop-heads frame the view. Give it sun with a little shelter from wind and from the worst of the afternoon. Keep it in a container sunk into the pond margin so that it does not spread, and keep it where you can top up the water daily in summer. Use it in odd numbers, in clusters of three or five stems of varied height, for the most natural look.

- [Water Lily](https://plantguide.ae/plants/water-lily.md): Lily pads lie flat on the water at the foot of papyrus's tall, vertical stems, giving the pond two clear layers.
- [Lotus](https://plantguide.ae/plants/lotus.md): Lotus's broad, rounded leaves contrast with papyrus's fine, feathery rays, with similar summer water needs.
- [Umbrella Sedge](https://plantguide.ae/plants/umbrella-sedge.md): A smaller relative with the same wet-foot habit that fills the middle layer between lily pads and papyrus.
- [Bird of paradise](https://plantguide.ae/plants/bird-of-paradise.md): Bold, structural leaves and flowers beside the water share papyrus's tropical, architectural mood.

## FAQ

**Can papyrus grow in Dubai?**  
Yes, as long as its roots stay wet. Dubai has no frost, so the risk is heat and dry air: keep the pot or soil flooded, top up daily in summer and give it some shelter from wind.

**Why are the tips of my papyrus turning brown?**  
Usually dry roots or too little water. Papyrus needs to stand in 5–15 cm of water or permanently saturated soil, and the water level can drop quickly in summer.

**How tall does papyrus get?**  
The RHS gives 2.5 to 4 m. In a Dubai pot expect about 1.5 to 3.5 m, depending on feeding and shelter.

**Does papyrus spread?**  
Yes: UF/IFAS notes it can crowd out other plants. Grow it in a container sunk into the pond margin to keep it in check.

**Is papyrus safe for pets?**  
It is not known to be toxic to people or pets. Eating any plant material can still upset a pet's stomach.

## Related plants

[Water Lily](https://plantguide.ae/plants/water-lily.md) · [Lotus](https://plantguide.ae/plants/lotus.md) · [Umbrella Sedge](https://plantguide.ae/plants/umbrella-sedge.md) · [Bird of paradise](https://plantguide.ae/plants/bird-of-paradise.md)

## Photos

![Bigodi Wetland Sanctuary, UGANDA](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Papyrus_%28Cyperus_papyrus%29_%287079191471%29.jpg)  
Photo: Bernard DUPONT from FRANCE / CC BY-SA 2.0 / Wikimedia Commons ([source](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Papyrus_(Cyperus_papyrus)_(7079191471).jpg))

![This is a photo of Papyrus growing wild along the banks of the Nile River in Uganda. It was taken by Michael Shade in...](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Papyrus_along_the_Nile_in_Uganda_-_by_Michael_Shade.jpg)  
Photo: Michael Shade / Public domain / Wikimedia Commons ([source](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Papyrus_along_the_Nile_in_Uganda_-_by_Michael_Shade.jpg))

![Cyperus scapes IMG 5322p](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Cyperus_scapes_IMG_5322p.JPG)  
Photo: JonRichfield / CC BY-SA 3.0 / Wikimedia Commons ([source](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cyperus_scapes_IMG_5322p.JPG))

![Papyrus, Cyperus papyrus, in Fiume Ciane-Saline Nature Reserve in Sicily, province of Syracuse.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Riserva_Fiume_Ciane-Saline_2024_h_%E2%80%93papyrus.jpg)  
Photo: Cayambe / CC BY 4.0 / Wikimedia Commons ([source](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Riserva_Fiume_Ciane-Saline_2024_h_%E2%80%93papyrus.jpg))

## Sources

- [RHS: Cyperus papyrus](https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/5206/cyperus-papyrus/details)
- [Kew Plants of the World Online: Cyperus papyrus](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:330934-2)
- [UF/IFAS Gardening Solutions: Papyrus](https://gardeningsolutions.ifas.ufl.edu/plants/ornamentals/papyrus/)